Free Calculator

Exit Waterfall Calculator

What founders, employees, and investors actually take home when the company exits — given liquidation preferences, ownership, and exit price.

Seed
Series A
Founders take home
$42.1M
ESOP / employees
$12.6M
Seed investors
$18.9M (6.3x)
Series A investors
$26.3M (2.2x)
How to read thisThe waterfall first pays liquidation preferences to investors (latest round first), then distributes the remainder by ownership percentage. Non-participating investors take the better of preference OR pro-rata; participating investors take both.
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  • Runs in your browser — nothing is stored
  • Shareable link

How to use it

  1. 1
    Set realistic exit values

    Best, base, downside cases. The waterfall shifts dramatically across these — that's the point of the tool.

  2. 2
    Use post-investment ownership

    Each round's ownership is what they own AFTER their round closed. Earlier ownership gets diluted at later rounds.

  3. 3
    1x non-participating is standard

    Anything above 1x or participating is unusual — and dramatically reduces founder outcomes at moderate exits.

  4. 4
    Consider multiple scenarios

    Toggle participating on/off, change preference multiples, vary exit values. The pattern that emerges shows where each term matters most.

What is the exit waterfall calculator?

An exit waterfall is the order in which proceeds flow when a company is acquired or IPOs. Investors with preferred stock get paid first (their liquidation preference), then the remainder is split by ownership.

The calculator models a 2-round (Seed + Series A) waterfall with configurable preferences. Real cap tables can be more complex; this captures the dynamics that drive most outcomes.

Why it matters for founders

Founders consistently underestimate how liquidation preferences change exit math. Two scenarios with the same exit value and same paper ownership can produce founder payouts differing by millions of dollars based on whether preferences are participating or not.

The most surprising result: 1x non-participating preferences are nearly invisible at high exit values (investors take pro-rata anyway). At low-to-medium exit values they take a real chunk. Run the calculator at multiple exit values to see the inflection.

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FAQ

What's a 'participating' preferred?+
Participating preferred takes their preference AND a pro-rata share of the remainder. Non-participating takes the BETTER of preference OR pro-rata, not both. Participating is much more dilutive to founders.
Why does the seed round get paid after Series A?+
Standard waterfall flows latest round first. Series A pref pays out before Seed pref. This protects newer investors and is the standard NVCA model.
What about ESOP — do options get paid?+
Vested, exercised options participate in the common pool (alongside founders). Unvested options are typically returned to the company. The calculator models the ESOP pool as common stock.
How does this compare to my actual cap table?+
Real cap tables have more rounds and more nuance. This captures the core mechanics. For an actual exit, your lawyer or banker will model your specific cap table in much more detail.